![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Buran-Space-Shuttle1.jpg\")
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\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u062d Retrorocket \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n
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\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u062d Retrorocket (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a Retrograde Rocket) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a Retro-Thrust Rockets \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Reusable Launch Systems .<\/p>\n
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\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 DFS 230 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n
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\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a British Hajile project \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 Directorate of Miscellaneous Weapons Development \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 British Admiralty . \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n
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\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 Hajile \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0647. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0628\u062d \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n
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\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u060c \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 Aerodynamic \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 Retrorockets \u060c \u0633\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u061b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 Crewed Flights \u060c \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 Life Support Systems . \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 Retrorockets \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627:<\/span> \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 ISS Orbit Adjustment \u061f<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 Retrorockets \u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639 1000 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 (4.5 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 10 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a Heat Shield \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a Gemini<\/a> \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 2500 \u0631\u0637\u0644 (11 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646) \u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 5.5 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a Retrograde Section \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0626 Adapter Module \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 Apollo Command and Service Module \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a Atmospheric Drag \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 Retrograde Propulsion \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 Service Propulsion Engine \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 Service Module . \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0643\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 Apollo Lunar Module \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 Descent Stage Engine \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062d Retrorockets \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 S-IC \u0648 S-II \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0646 Saturn V \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 Earth Parking Orbit .<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a Space Shuttle Orbital maneuvering system<\/span> \u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 Reentry<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Orbital Maneuvering<\/span> . \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 Reaction Control System<\/span> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n \u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n .<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627 \u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 Titan II \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0646 Saturn I \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0646 Saturn IB \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0646 Saturn V \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<\/a>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a Ullage Rockets \u060c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 Liquid-Fuel Engines .<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n \u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627:<\/span> \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 Staging<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062d Retrorocket<\/span> \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a) . \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 (\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 Project Apollo<\/span>) \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0643\u0628\u062d. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0632 Soyuz<\/span> \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637.<\/p>\n \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u0645 \u0625\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a Retro-Thrust Rockets \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 \u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 Falcon 9 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644 Falcon Heavy \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639 Propulsive Landing . \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \n \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646 Blue Origin \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e\u0647\u0627 New Glenn \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Link Space \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e\u0647\u0627 New Line 1 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 RETALT project \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e Long March 8 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a Retro-Thrust Re-Entry \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0634\u064a\u0628\u0631\u062f New Shepard \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 Booster \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0628\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 Retrorockets \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 Operation Credible Sport \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1979 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 Lockheed C-130 Hercules \u060c \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 YMC-130H \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u062a\u0647\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0637\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 1- Retrorocket<\/a> \u2013 Wikipedia \u2013 August 2023.<\/p>\n *<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0643 *******************************<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n .<\/strong><\/p>\n .<\/strong><\/p>\n .<\/strong><\/p>\n .<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n .<\/strong><\/p>\n .<\/p>\n .<\/strong><\/p>\n .<\/strong><\/p>\n .<\/strong><\/p>\n .<\/p>\n .<\/strong><\/p>\n .<\/strong><\/p>\n .<\/strong><\/p>\n .<\/strong><\/p>\n .<\/strong><\/p>\n .<\/strong><\/p>\n .<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a Project Mercury<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a Project Gemini<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 Apollo Program<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 Space Shuttle program<\/span><\/h3>\n
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![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Space-Shuttle.jpg\")
<\/p>\n\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 Launch Vehicle Staging<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 Landers<\/span><\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Soyus-MS-S.jpg\")
<\/p>\n\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Reusable launch systems<\/span><\/h3>\n
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637.<\/p>\n\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 Operation Credible Sport<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/span><\/h2>\n
\n![](\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Inst-Sim-Face-ani-small2.gif\")
<\/a>\u0648 ![](\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Linked-in-Ani1.gif\")
<\/a><\/p>\n![](\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/handwave-Yellow.gif\")
<\/p>\n\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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