{"id":4007,"date":"2022-08-25T18:29:59","date_gmt":"2022-08-25T16:29:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/3\/?p=4007"},"modified":"2022-08-25T18:29:59","modified_gmt":"2022-08-25T16:29:59","slug":"staging","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/3\/launch-vehicles\/staging\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 Staging"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 Multi staging of Rockets<\/span><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 (Multistage<\/span> \u0623\u0648 Multi-stage<\/span>) \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0629 Tandem Stage<\/span> \u0623\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0629 Serial Stage<\/span> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u061b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 Parallel Stage<\/span> \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 Launch Vehicle<\/span> . \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 Jettisoning Stages<\/span> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 Staging<\/span> \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647 Final Speed<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647 Final Height<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 Serial Staging \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 Tandem Staging .<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 Parallel Staging .<\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0629 Serial or Tandem Staging \u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a Parallel Staging \u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 Solid or Liquid Rocket Boosters \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 Stage 0”. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 First Stage \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a Booster Engines \u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645) \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0642\u0637. \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 Staging \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 Serial Staging \u060c \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 – \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 Interstate Ring \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a. (\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 Hot Staging \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644)<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 Advantages \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644<\/span><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 Multi-Stage Rockets \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647. \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648 \/ \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a Atmospheric Pressure \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a. \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 Vehicle (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e) \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 Single-stage-to-orbit SSTO<\/span> :<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Reusable Vehicles<\/span> . \u062d\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 SSTO<\/span> \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u00ab\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 Expendable Multi-Stage Rockets<\/span>\u00bb \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 Disadvantage \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644<\/span><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 Staging \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u064a Staging Event \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 Point of Failure \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 Separation Failure \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a Ignition Failure \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 Stage Collision . \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 Staging \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 Operational Costs \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629. (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/a>)<\/p>\n

*<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0643<\/a>\u0648 <\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

*******************************<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n

.<\/p>\n