{"id":3528,"date":"2022-02-04T19:04:22","date_gmt":"2022-02-04T17:04:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/3\/?p=3528"},"modified":"2022-02-19T14:53:13","modified_gmt":"2022-02-19T12:53:13","slug":"satellite-ground-track","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/3\/satellites\/satellite-ground-track\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a Satellite ground track"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a Ground Track \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 ISS \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 Two Periods \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 (\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2022 \u0645) \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a Ground Track<\/span> \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a Ground Trace<\/span> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a Suborbital Track<\/span> \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 (\u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a Ground Track<\/span> \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062e\u0637 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 Center<\/span> . \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a Ground Track<\/span> \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u062a\/\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 Zenith<\/span> \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a Ground Observer<\/span> .<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a Aircraft Ground Tracks<\/span><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 Navigation<\/span> \u060c \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f Ground Track<\/span> \u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 Navigation Beacons<\/span> .<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 Satellite Ground Tracks<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a Ground Track<\/span> \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Orbital Elements<\/span> \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 Parameters<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 Orientation<\/span> \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a. (\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 Closed Orbits<\/span> \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a Eccentricity<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 Parabolic Trajectories<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629 Hyperbolic Trajectories<\/span> .)<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 Direct Motion \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 Retrograde Motion<\/span><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a Sinusoidal Ground Track<\/span> (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629) \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a Orbital Inclination<\/span> \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a Direct or Prograde Orbit<\/span> \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628. \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648 180 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648 -90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629) \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064a Retrograde Orbit<\/span> . (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 Direct Orbits<\/span> \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 Initial Velocity<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627-\u0641\u064a Delta-v<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a Direct Orbit \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 Apparent Direct”. \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a Direct Orbit \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 Apparent Retrograde”. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647. \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064a Retrograde Orbit \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Orbital Period .<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a Eccentric Orbit \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0636 Perigee \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c Apogee \u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 Ground Tracks \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 Geosynchronous Orbits \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 Molniya Orbits \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a Effect of Orbital Period<\/span><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c 24 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u060c 12 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u060c 8 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e) \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0637\u0648\u0644 Longitude \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f Ascending Node \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 Perturbations of The Orbit . \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 Period \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u061b \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u060c \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 (\u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Average Orbital Speed \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636) \u060c \u0633\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 Compressed Longitudinally \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f Nodes ” (\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 Equator) \u0633\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 Geosynchronous Orbit \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 Longitudinal Stretching \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627 Apparent Retrograde).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 “\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 Figure Eight Shape” \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 Track \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0636 Perigee \u060c \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c Apogee .<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 Geosynchronous Orbit \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 Geostationary Orbit \u060c \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 Eccentricity \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a (\u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a Circular Orbit) \u060c \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0644 Inclination \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed coordinate system (\u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a Orbital Plane \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636). \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a” \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u060c \u064a\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 – \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a Effect of inclination<\/span><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a Orbital Inclination \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 Geographic Latitudes \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u2013i \u0625\u0644\u0649 i \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 i \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a Orbital Inclination . \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a Polar Orbit \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 Launch Sites \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a Initial Inclination \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 Launch Latitude \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 28 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648 27 \u062b \u060c \u062e\u0637 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 – \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a East Azimuth \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629. (\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a Orbital Inclination Change Maneuver \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Orbital Maneuvers \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 Initial Orbit Inclinations \u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 Prograde Orbits \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642) \u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 initial velocity \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 Equatorial Launch Sites \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0642\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0632\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 Floating Launch Platforms \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634 Sea Launch \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0636 Effect of argument of perigee<\/span><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0636 Argument of Perigee \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0636 Perigee \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c Apogee \u062a\u0642\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a Equatorial Plane \u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 (\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 Rotational Symmetry \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 180 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Orbital Nodes .) \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0636 Argument of Perigee \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627 Molniya Orbit \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 -90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627 Molniya Orbit \u060c \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 (63 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629) \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 Highly Eccentric (e = 0.72). \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d Hover” \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0623\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646 Apogee Dwell” \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a Repeat orbits<\/span><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u060c \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u060c \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 Earth-Repeat Orbits . \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 Nodal Precession Effect \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 Offset \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 Orbited Body .<\/p>\n

*<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0643<\/a>\u0648 <\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

*******************************<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
\n

.<\/p>\n

\n