{"id":3515,"date":"2022-01-29T21:52:59","date_gmt":"2022-01-29T19:52:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/3\/?p=3515"},"modified":"2022-01-30T16:17:24","modified_gmt":"2022-01-30T14:17:24","slug":"iss-cupola","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/3\/space-stations\/iss-cupola\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 Cupola \u2013 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 Cupola<\/span> \u0647\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f Observatory Module<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 ISS<\/span> \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 ESA<\/a> . \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 Cupola<\/span> \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a “\u0642\u0628\u0629 Dome<\/span>“. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 STS-130<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 8 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2010 \u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 Tranquility<\/span> (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 Node 3<\/span>) . \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 85 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629. \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 Central Window<\/span> \u0644\u0640\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 80 \u0633\u0645 (31 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629).
\n\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 Cupola<\/span> \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 Remote Manipulator System<\/span> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629. \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 Cupola<\/span> \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 NASA<\/span> \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062c Boeing<\/span> \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 ESA<\/span> \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1998 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 Cupola<\/span> \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 ISS<\/span> \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 Cupola<\/span> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0641\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627 Zvezda<\/span> \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 Portholes<\/span> \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 20 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 (50 \u0633\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a US Destiny laboratory<\/span> . \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 Tranquility Module<\/span>. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 Cupola<\/span> \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a Millennium Falcon<\/span> .<\/p>\n

\"\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645

\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n

.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 Design and construction<\/span><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 Cupola \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1987 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 Space Station Man-Systems Architectural Control Manager \u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0631 Gary Kitmacher \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 Workstation \u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 Canadarm2 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 Spacewalks . \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 Aft Flight Deck \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a Shuttle Orbiter .\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646 Cupolas \u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 Modules \u0648\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 Nodes . \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 “\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 Windowed Workstation” \u060c \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 Computer-Based Workstations \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 Human Factors Specialist \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062a Frances Mount \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 Chief Astronaut \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u062c John Young \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0643 Shuttle Commander \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 Gordon Fullerton .<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a Charles Wheelwright \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 Cupola. \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0631 Laurie Weaver \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0643\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628 Student Intern \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629. \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0631 Kitmacher \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 Aft Flight Deck \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 Aft Flight Decks \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 PVC \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 Critical Dimensions \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 Access \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646. \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 Crew Station Reviews \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 “\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0648\u0646” \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u064a Zero-g Neutral Body Posture . \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0631 Kitmacher \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a Jay Cory \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 Cupola \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0643\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0631 Kitmacher \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 Man-Systems Architectural Control Document \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 Work Package 1 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 MSFC \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 Work Package 2 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 JSC. \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u060c \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0643\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0631 Kitmacher \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 Man-Systems \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0624\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 Lunar Outpost \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 Moonbase \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0629 Rover \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 Module \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062c Boeing \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0632\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 Work Package 1 \u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0633 McDonnell Douglas \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0632\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 Work Package 2 \u060c \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 Cupola . \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u2013 \u0645\u0633\u062f\u0633 Hexagon \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u062a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062c Boeing \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 Node \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 Manufacturing<\/span><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062b\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1998 \u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003 \u0645. \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2010 \u0645. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 Cupola \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 SpaceLab pallet \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 Kibo \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 Tranquility \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 Tranquility \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 (ESA) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 Cupola \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 409 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a Alenia Spazio (\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 Thales Alenia Space) \u060c \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 3 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 1.5 \u0645\u062a\u0631. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 Side Windows \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 Top Window \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 Shutters \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 Micrometeoroids \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a Orbital Debris . \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a thermal control system \u0648\u0635\u0648\u062a audio \u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 video \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 MIL-STD-1553 bus interfaces \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a Connections \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 Workstations \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 Robotic Manipulator Canadarm2 .<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0642 Forged Aluminum \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 Steel \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627 Alcoa \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 Tata Steel Europe \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 4 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 (“\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d panes”): \u0644\u0648\u062d \u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a Outer Debris Pane \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0637 Pressure Panes \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0643 25 \u0645\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 Scratch Pane. \u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0636\u063a\u0637 pressure pane \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d \u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 debris pane \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a External Pressure Cover .<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 Shutters \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0636 Knob \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0628 Shutter Assembly . \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a O \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 Installation<\/span><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 Cupola \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631 Endeavour \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 STS-130 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 8 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2010 \u0645. \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 Tranquility \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 Nadir-Facing Port \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 Tranquility \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 Canadarm2 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 Berth \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 Tranquility Module \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 Unity Module \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 Cupola \u060c \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 Tranquility \u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/span><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

1- Cupola (ISS module)<\/a> – Wikipedia<\/p>\n

*<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0643<\/a>\u0648 <\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

*******************************<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n