{"id":2999,"date":"2021-10-06T23:10:22","date_gmt":"2021-10-06T21:10:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/3\/?p=2999"},"modified":"2021-10-06T23:10:22","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T21:10:22","slug":"space-probes-to-venus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/3\/space-probes\/space-probes-to-venus\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629 Space Probes to Venus"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u062d\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d (\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 Hard-Landed<\/span>) \u060c \u0648\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Spacecraft<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n

\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Launch Date<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n

\n

\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Type of Mission<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0631 Mariner 2<\/span><\/td>\n1962 \u0645<\/td>\n\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 Flyby<\/span> \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627 Venera 4<\/span><\/td>\n1967 \u0645<\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a Hard-Lander<\/span> \u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a .<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0631 Mariner 5<\/span><\/td>\n1967 \u0645<\/td>\n\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 Flyby<\/span> .<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627 Venera 5<\/span><\/td>\n1969 \u0645<\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a Hard-Lander<\/span> .<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a .<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627 Venera 6<\/span><\/td>\n1969 \u0645<\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a Hard-Lander<\/span> .<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a .<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627 Venera 7<\/span><\/td>\n1970 \u0645<\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 Soft-lander<\/span> \u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a .<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627 Venera 8<\/span><\/td>\n1972 \u0645<\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 Soft-Lander<\/span> .<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a .<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0631 Mariner 10<\/span><\/td>\n1973 \u0645<\/td>\n\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 Flyby<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627 Venera 9<\/span><\/td>\n1975 \u0645<\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Orbiter<\/span> \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 Soft-Lander<\/span> \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a .<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627 Venera 10<\/span><\/td>\n1975 \u0645<\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Orbiter<\/span> \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 Soft-Lander<\/span> .<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a .<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n

Pioneer-Venus 1<\/span><\/td>\n

1978 \u0645<\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Orbiter<\/span> \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a Radar Altimeter<\/span> \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Radar Mapping<\/span> \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n

Pioneer-Venus 2<\/span><\/td>\n

1978 \u0645<\/td>\n\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a Hard-Landers<\/span> .<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627 Venera 11<\/span><\/td>\n1978 \u0645<\/td>\n\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 Flyby<\/span> \u060c \u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 Soft-Lander<\/span> .<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a .<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627 Venera 12<\/span><\/td>\n1978 \u0645<\/td>\n\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 Flyby<\/span> \u060c \u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 Soft-Lander<\/span> .<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a .<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627 Venera 13<\/span><\/td>\n1981 \u0645<\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Orbiter<\/span> \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 Soft-Lander<\/span> \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a .<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627 Venera 14<\/span><\/td>\n1981 \u0645<\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Orbiter<\/span> \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 Soft-Lander<\/span> .<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a .<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627 Venera 15<\/span><\/td>\n1983 \u0645<\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Orbiter<\/span> \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Radar Mapper<\/span> .<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a .<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627 Venera 16<\/span><\/td>\n1983 \u0645<\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Orbiter<\/span> \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Radar Mapper<\/span> .<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a .<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u064a\u062c\u0627 Vega 1<\/span><\/td>\n1984 \u0645<\/td>\n\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 Flyby<\/span> \u060c \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a Atmospheric Balloon Probe<\/span> .<\/td>\n\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a .<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u064a\u062c\u0627 Vega 2<\/span><\/td>\n1984 \u0645<\/td>\n\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 Flyby<\/span> \u060c \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a Atmospheric Balloon Probe<\/span> .<\/td>\n\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a .<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646 Magellan<\/span><\/td>\n1989 \u0645<\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Orbiter<\/span> \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Radar Mapper<\/span> . \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u0628\u0631\u0633<\/p>\n

Venus Express<\/span><\/td>\n

2005 \u0645<\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Orbiter<\/span> \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/td>\n\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

*<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0643\"\"<\/a>\u0648\u00a0\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

************************************<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"handwave-yellow\"<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

.<\/p>\n