![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ESA-Geostationary-Orbit.jpg\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 Orbit<\/span> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629) \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 : \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 ESA<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u060c \u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 – \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u062c \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 – \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062c \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627) \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 – \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 “\u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647” \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631. \u062a\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627! \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0648\u064a \u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u2022 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 Low Earth orbit (LEO)<\/span> .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u2022 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)<\/span> .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 (Geostationary orbit (GEO<\/span> .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u2022 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 (SSO)<\/span> .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u2022 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 (GTO)<\/span> .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u2022 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062c (\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637- L<\/span>) .<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 (LEO)<\/span> \u0647\u0648 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1000 \u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 160 \u0643\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 – \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 14 \u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 Equator<\/span> \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 LEO<\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0648 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u060c \u0648\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (ISS)<\/span> \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 7.8 \u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u061b \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 90 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 16 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 LEO<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0629 Constellation<\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 “\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629” \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 LEO<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a GEO<\/span> . \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 Geostationary Orbit (GEO) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 ESA<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 Equator<\/span> .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 (GEO)<\/span> \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 – \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 23 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648 56 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648 4 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u2013 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 GEO<\/span> \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 “\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 Stationary<\/span>” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 GEO<\/span> \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 3 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 35786 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 (GEO)<\/span> \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 GEO<\/span> \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636.<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ESA-Reaching-Orbit.jpg\")
<\/p>\n\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a Types of Orbits<\/span><\/h2>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 Low Earth Orbit (LEO)<\/span><\/h2>\n
\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)<\/span><\/h2>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 Geostationary Orbit (GEO)<\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/p>\n
![](\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Sat-Communications-768x384.png\")
<\/a><\/td>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ESA-Polar-Orbit-and-Sun-Synchronous.jpg\")
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/ESA-geostationary-transfer-orbit.png\"){kind=spacer}
<\/p>\n![](\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2019\/07\/avoiding_earth_s_shadow\/19491787-4-eng-GB\/Avoiding_Earth_s_shadow_article.gif\")
<\/p>\n![](\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Inst-Sim-Face-ani-small2.gif\")
<\/a>\u0648 ![](\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Linked-in-Ani1.gif\")
<\/a><\/p>\n![](\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/handwave-Yellow.gif\")
<\/p>\n