![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Tianwen-1.jpg\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u062e\u0637\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 Tianwen-1<\/span> \u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a Huoxing-1<\/span> \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 HX-1<\/span> \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2019 \u0645 \u060c \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 “HX-1<\/span>” \u0623\u0648 (Mars Global Remote Sensing Orbiter and Small Rover<\/span>) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020 \u0645 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021 \u0645\u060c \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2019 \u0645 \u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 “CCTV+<\/span>” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: “\u0633\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0647\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0631\u0647”. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 Huoxing-1<\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a HX-1<\/span> \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 Huoxing<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e Mars<\/span> . \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 Mars Global Remote Sensing Orbiter and Small Rover<\/span> .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016 \u0645 \u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 36 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 24 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2020 \u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0646-1” \u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0646-1” \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a (\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648”\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648” \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Orbiter<\/span> \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 Lander<\/span> \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0629 Rover<\/span> \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2003 \u0645 \u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a 2011 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e Mars<\/span> \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a “\u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648-1” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0637\u0645\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0631\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645) \u0644\u062a\u0647\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 2013 \u06482019 \u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 “\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0648” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 “\u062c\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0623\u0633 GPS<\/span>” \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e Mars<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 \u0645.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 NASA<\/span> \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 Hope Probe<\/span><\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645 20 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\/\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 2020 \u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631 “\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2020”<\/a> \u0641\u064a 30 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2020 \u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 55 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 1372 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 (\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 40 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644 26 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 55 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 “\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0646\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 1975 \u0648 1976 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d”. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d “\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644 “\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (..) \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627”. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 “\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631” \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 1960 \u0645.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 “\u063a\u0648\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u062a\u0633.\u0643\u0648\u0645” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a “\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0633\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0631\u0646” \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0627 “\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a”. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 “\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d”.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2020 \u0645 \u060c \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/h3>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/h2>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/h2>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Tianwen-1-b.jpg\")
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Book1_ani.gif\")
<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Inst-Sim-Face-ani-small2.gif\")
<\/a>\u0648\u00a0![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Linked-in-Ani1.gif\")
<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n![\"handwave-yellow\"](\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/handwave-Yellow.gif\")
<\/p>\n