![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/intro-DCS-2.jpg\")
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\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 Distributed Control System (DCS)<\/span> \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 Controller Elements<\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a Sub-System<\/span> \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 Controllers<\/span> .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 DCS<\/span> \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 Custom Designed Processor<\/span> \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 Controllers<\/span> \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 Interconnections<\/span> \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 Communication Protocols<\/span> .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 DCS<\/span> \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 Multi-Tasking Operating Systems<\/span> \u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a Applications<\/span> \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a Real-Time Control Functions<\/span> \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 DCS<\/span> \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f Configuration Tools<\/span> \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 Control Block Libraries<\/span> \u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 Sequential Function Chart SFC<\/span> \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 Relay Ladder Logic RLL<\/span> .<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c Input and Output Modules \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 DCS . \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c Processor \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 Input Modules \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c Output Modules .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 Input Modules \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 Input Instruments \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 Process \u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c Output Modules \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c Output Instruments \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 Field .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 Computer Buses \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 Electrical Buses \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c Processor \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a Modules \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 Multiplexer \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 De- Multiplexer . \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0644 Buses \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 Distributed Controllers \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 Central Controller \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 Human-Machine Interface (HMI) \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 Control Consoles .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 DCS \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a Centralized Configuration \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 Operator Console \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 Engineering Console . \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 Offline \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 Download \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 Restart \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n .<\/p>\n \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a Block diagram of a centralized control system .<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 :<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 Modes :<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0623) \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 MAN (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a Manual Mode).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0628) \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 AUT (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a Auto Mode).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u062c) \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 CAS (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a Cascade Mode).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u062f) \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 PRD (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a Primary Direct Mode).<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a Manual Mode MAN :<\/strong><\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c MV pointer \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 SV \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 MV \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 Instrument \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0635 Increment\/Decrement Keys \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a Data Entry Box . \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 SV \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 Instrument \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 Set Point Change Key \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 ITEM \u0648 DATA \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a Data Entry Box .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a Auto Mode AUT :<\/strong><\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 SV \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 MV \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 SV \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 Instrument \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 MV \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 Instrument \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a Cascade Mode CAS :<\/strong><\/span> \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a Cascade Loop \u060c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u062c Output \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 Primary Controller (MV1) \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0628\u0637 Set Point \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 Secondary Controller (MV2) . \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u062c Output \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (MV2) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a Final Control Element FCE .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a Cascade Loop \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 Primary Controller \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a AUT \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a MAN \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 Secondary Controller \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a CAS . \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a SV \u0648 MV \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 SV \u0623\u0648 MV \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n .<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a Primary Direct Mode PRD :<\/span><\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a PRD \u060c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (MV1) \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a FCE \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 Bypass \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a Primary Direct Mode PRD .<\/span><\/p>\n .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 DCS . \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 Field Instrumentation \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 Station \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 Startup \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 Shutdown \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 Operation \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 Monitoring .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 HIS \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 Functions \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 Windows \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0623) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 Windows \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0628) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 Operation and Monitoring Window \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 Windows \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u062c) \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 Operability \u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 Functions \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 HIS :<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629) Engineering Station \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a Engineering Builder \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a Stations \u0645\u062b\u0644 HIS \u0648 FCS \u0648 CGW \u0648 BCV \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0625\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 ENG \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 Engineering Software .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 HIS \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 Engineering Software \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 ENG).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n .<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n *<\/p>\n \u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0643 *****************************<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n .<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n .<\/p>\n .<\/strong><\/p>\n .<\/strong><\/p>\n .<\/strong><\/p>\n .<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 BASIC CONCEPT<\/span><\/h2>\n
\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 Digital Control Systems<\/span><\/h2>\n
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![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/intro-DCS-1.jpg\")
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\n\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 Block diagram of DCS .<\/span><\/p>\n\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 Basic components of DCS<\/span><\/h2>\n
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\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 Types of Controller Mode<\/span><\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/intro-DCS-3.jpg\")
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\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a Cascade Mode CAS .<\/span><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/intro-DCS-4.jpg\")
<\/p>\n\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 Human Interface Station HIS<\/span><\/h2>\n
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\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 Engineering Station (ENG)<\/span><\/h2>\n
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\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a Advantages \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639<\/span><\/h2>\n
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<\/a>\u0623\u0648 ![](\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Linked-in-Ani1.gif\")
<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n![](\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/handwave-Yellow.gif\")
<\/p>\n\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
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