{"id":4363,"date":"2019-10-11T17:10:11","date_gmt":"2019-10-11T15:10:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/?p=4363"},"modified":"2019-10-12T18:08:07","modified_gmt":"2019-10-12T16:08:07","slug":"requirements-for-manned-space-flights","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/space\/requirements-for-manned-space-flights\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u061f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Requirements for Manned Space Flights to Mars: Should NASA Skip Returning to the Moon? <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/pdf\/376476main_024%20-%2020090721.1.Requirements%20for%20Manned%20Space%20Flights%20to%20Mars.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Source<\/a>]<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><strong>\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u064a. \u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a Nickolaus E. Leggett<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3752 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Mars2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"428\" height=\"246\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Mars2.jpg 428w, https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Mars2-300x172.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 428px) 100vw, 428px\" \/><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">In this set of comments, I discuss the additional factors that are required for a successful manned spaceflight to the planet Mars and the decision to return to the Moon first.<\/p>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">A Much Larger Vehicle<\/span> .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The Need for a Heavy-Lift Vehicle<\/span> .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">The Need for Advanced Propulsion Systems<\/span> .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 A Much Larger Vehicle<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631. \u0648\u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Lunar Flight<\/span> .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 [\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0629].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0639 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Shielding<\/span> \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0636\u062f \u0632\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. [\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5. \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Redundant<\/span> \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">6. \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">7. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">8. \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Lunar Module<\/span> .<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Space Station<\/span> \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Service Module<\/span> \u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Command Module<\/span> \u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Lunar Module<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644 The Need for a Heavy-Lift Vehicle<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Ares 5<\/span> \u0622\u0631\u064a\u0633 5 \u060c \u0641\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636. \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 The Need for Advanced Propulsion Systems<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Ion Rocket<\/span> \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629. \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Ion Rocket<\/span> \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Nuclear Thermal Propulsion<\/span> \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Nuclear<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Pulse Engine<\/span> .<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/p>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 Going to Mars via the Moon<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0623\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Thermionic Valves<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Radio Astronomy<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Far Side<\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0626. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/strong> <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1ETf_H3jxdW-eq98OifNWYyBUHngqojWp\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u0644\u0641 PDF<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1ETf_H3jxdW-eq98OifNWYyBUHngqojWp\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-491\" src=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Book1_ani.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"42\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>*<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0643<a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/web.facebook.com\/3instSimSpace\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2022\" src=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Inst-Sim-Face-ani-small2.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"270\" height=\"72\" \/><\/a>\u0648\u00a0<a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/inst-simulation-lib-506b21174\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3487\" src=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Linked-in-Ani1.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"198\" height=\"59\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>***************************************************************<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-559\" src=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/handwave-Yellow.gif\" alt=\"handwave-yellow\" width=\"125\" height=\"70\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3>\u00a0.<\/h3>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/mix_boks\/space\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><strong>*<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/space\/soyuz\/\">\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0632 Soyuz \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><strong>*<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/space\/descent-module1\/\">\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 Descent Module<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><strong>*<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/space\/descent-module2\/\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637\u061f<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><strong>*<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/space\/safir-rocket\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><strong>*<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/space\/rlv-t5\/\">\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><strong>*<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/other\/ss-520\/\">\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<\/a><\/h3>\n<p><strong>*<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/space\/iss-news\/\">\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 International Space Station<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-559 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/handwave-Yellow.gif\" alt=\"handwave-yellow\" width=\"125\" height=\"70\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u061f &nbsp; Requirements for Manned Space Flights to Mars: Should NASA Skip Returning to the Moon? [Source] \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u064a. \u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a Nickolaus E. Leggett In this set of comments, I discuss the additional factors that are required for a successful manned spaceflight to the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4117,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[295],"tags":[93,309,96,270,324],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4363"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4363"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4363\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4377,"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4363\/revisions\/4377"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4117"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4363"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4363"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}