{"id":420,"date":"2016-09-03T22:15:57","date_gmt":"2016-09-03T20:15:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/?p=420"},"modified":"2023-05-12T11:06:18","modified_gmt":"2023-05-12T09:06:18","slug":"level_volume","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/level_volume\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 Level and Volume of Stored Material"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-430 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Tank-Calibration.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"524\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Tank-Calibration.jpg 524w, https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Tank-Calibration-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 524px) 100vw, 524px\" \/><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Tanks<\/span> \u0644\u0625\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 Volume<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" cellspacing=\"15\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Level<\/span> \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 . \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Gallon<\/span> \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Liter<\/span> \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Cubic Centimeter<\/span> \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Cubic Feet<\/span> \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Barrel<\/span> . \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 Level .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Tank Geometry<\/span> .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628\/\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">DCS<\/span> \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">PLC<\/span> \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 .<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Volume is the space occupied by a quantity of material and often the level is used to calculate the volume. Volume is typically expressed in gallons, liters, cubic centimeters, cubic feet, or barrels. Volume is the measurement most commonly derived from level.<\/p>\n<p>Volume is usually determined by first measuring the level in a tank and then calculating the volume based upon the tank geometry.<\/p>\n<p>Many level-measurement devices store the level\/volume relationship for common tank geometries in their electronic components, which enables them to calculate a direct volume output.<\/p>\n<p>In other cases, the volume may be calculated in a Distributed Control System (DCS) or a programmable logic controller (PLC) or determined from a look-up table that relates level to volume.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">V<\/span> \u0647\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">r<\/span> \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">H<\/span> \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 (\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647) .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">L<\/span> \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The relationships between level and volume for several common tank shapes as the following:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Where:<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>v = tank volume<\/li>\n<li>r = tank radius<\/li>\n<li>H = tank height (or length)<\/li>\n<li>L = product level<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a Vertical Cylinder<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-421 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/TNK-V1.jpg\" alt=\"TNK V1\" width=\"718\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/TNK-V1.jpg 718w, https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/TNK-V1-300x185.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 718px) 100vw, 718px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 (1) : \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a Vertical Cylinder <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a Horizontal Cylinder<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5500 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Horizontal-Cylinder-Tank.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"590\" height=\"468\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Horizontal-Cylinder-Tank.png 590w, https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Horizontal-Cylinder-Tank-300x238.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 (2) : \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a Horizontal Cylinder \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0621 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0621 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Partially Filled Horizontal Cylinder Tank<\/span> \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">R<\/span> \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Redius of Tank<\/span> .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">h<\/span> \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Area of Liquid<\/span> \u0647\u0648 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">A<sub>L<\/sub><\/span> .<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">V<\/span> \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Area of Liquid A<sub>L<\/sub><\/span> \u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Tank Length<\/span> .<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Area of Liquid<\/span> = \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Area of Circule<\/span> \u2013 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Area of Sector<\/span> + \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Area of Triangle<\/span> .<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5501 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Horizontal-Cylinder-Tank02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"773\" height=\"93\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Horizontal-Cylinder-Tank02.jpg 752w, https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Horizontal-Cylinder-Tank02-300x36.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 773px) 100vw, 773px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\">V = A<sub>L<\/sub> * Tank Length<\/p>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a Sphere<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-423 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/TNK-V3.jpg\" alt=\"TNK V3\" width=\"718\" height=\"442\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/TNK-V3.jpg 718w, https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/TNK-V3-300x185.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 718px) 100vw, 718px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 (3) : \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a Sphere<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0629 (\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u0631\u0629) Vertical Bullet<\/strong> <\/span><\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-424 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/TNK-V4.jpg\" alt=\"TNK V4\" width=\"718\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/TNK-V4.jpg 718w, https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/TNK-V4-300x184.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 718px) 100vw, 718px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 (4) : \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0629 (\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u0631\u0629) Vertical Bullet<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><strong><span style=\"color: #993366;\">\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0629 (\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u0631\u0629) Horizontal Bullet<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-425 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/TNK-V5.jpg\" alt=\"TNK V5\" width=\"717\" height=\"321\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/TNK-V5.jpg 717w, https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/TNK-V5-300x134.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 717px) 100vw, 717px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 (5) : \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0629 (\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u0631\u0629) Horizontal Bullet <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #993366;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u0631\u0629 Tanks with dished ends<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<table cellspacing=\"15\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a . \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 .<\/td>\n<td dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tanks with dished ends do not have a standard shape (Figure 1.2.8). Therefore, the volume of these tanks cannot be determined strictly from geometry. Instead, strapping tables are used to determine volume.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-426 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/TNK-V6.jpg\" alt=\"TNK V6\" width=\"520\" height=\"315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/TNK-V6.jpg 520w, https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/TNK-V6-300x182.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 (6) : \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u0631\u0629 Tanks with dished ends<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff9900;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 Strapping Tables<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-430 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Tank-Calibration.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"524\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Tank-Calibration.jpg 524w, https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Tank-Calibration-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 524px) 100vw, 524px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (7) : \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" cellspacing=\"15\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u00a0 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Strapping Table<\/span> .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Strapping Table<\/span> \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Strapping Table<\/span> \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0647 ( \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Manual Strapping<\/span> ) \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 . \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0647 .<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td dir=\"ltr\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Calculating volume from level and tank geometry provides a volume measurement accurate enough for most users\u2019 needs. However, in some instances, the geometry of the tank may be irregular, which makes it nearly impossible to model the relationship between level and volume mathematically.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In such cases, volume must be determined from the level reading through the use of a strapping table.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A strapping table is a look-up table that relates level to volume for several discrete points in a tank (Figure 1.2.9). Strapping tables are usually derived by adding a known volume of product to a tank and then measuring the level of product that corresponds to that volume (manual strapping). The volume and level measurements are recorded in a strapping table. Then, when a volume measurement is required, level is measured and looked up in the strapping table to find the corresponding volume.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-431 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Strapping-Table.png\" alt=\"Strapping Table\" width=\"620\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Strapping-Table.png 620w, https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Strapping-Table-300x218.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (8) : \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" cellspacing=\"15\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 . \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062c <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Bulge<\/span> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0626\u0647\u0627 . \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0641 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Interpolating<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629.\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 . \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 .<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 . \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0626\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c . \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062c \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 . \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062c . \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Strapping Table<\/span> \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062c <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Bulging Error<\/span> .<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Strapping Table<\/span> \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Internal Equipment<\/span> .<\/td>\n<td dir=\"ltr\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Strapping tables can just be a few points to accommodate a tank shape or they can be hundreds of points. Larger numbers of points are used with larger tanks that tend to bulge when filled.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">If a measured level falls between two points in a table, volume is determined by interpolating the two points. Typically, strapping tables have a higher concentration of points in tank regions where the relationship between level and volume is not linear.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For example, in Figure 1.2.9, strapping points are concentrated near the bottom of the tank. This concentration provides for better resolution in the strapping table and a more accurate measurement.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">There are several circumstances in which a strapping table may be required for level measurements. When product is added to a tank, the tank\u2019s sides bulge. The bulging causes an error in the mathematical calculations for specific tank geometries. The amount of error is related to the degree of bulging. Strapping tables are commonly used to eliminate errors in calculations due to bulging error (Figure 1.2.11).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Strapping tables are also used to store level\/volume relationships for irregularly shaped tanks (Figure 1.2.9) or for tanks with internal equipment (Figure 1.2.10).<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-432 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Tank-Internals.gif\" alt=\"Tank Internals\" width=\"220\" height=\"309\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (9) : \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" style=\"height: 137px;\" width=\"785\" cellspacing=\"15\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"366\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 .<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"366\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">In certain applications (e.g. petroleum storage and transfer), bulging errors may cause suppliers to over or undercharge customers.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-433 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bulging-Error-ani.gif\" alt=\"Bulging Error ani\" width=\"338\" height=\"456\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (10) : \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062c Bulging Error<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #993366;\">\u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 Other Terms For Strapping Chart<\/span><\/h4>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" style=\"height: 551px;\" width=\"782\" cellspacing=\"15\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"366\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 . \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 . \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 . \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Strapping Chart<\/span> .<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"366\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">There are several other terms used that mean the same thing. These include:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Strapping Table<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Calibration Table<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tank Chart<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tank Calibration Chart<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tank Gauge Chart<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gauge Table<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dip Charts<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">You get the idea. These names all refer to a table, or chart, for converting a linear level into a volume. The common term may change a bit based on industry and location. However, the most common term as far as we can tell is strapping chart.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #993366;\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 How To Use A Strapping Chart<\/span><\/h4>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" style=\"height: 385px;\" width=\"785\" cellspacing=\"15\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"366\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 . \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 .<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Modbus<\/span> .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0643\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"366\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">This may seem obvious, but you use a strapping chart by comparing level measurements to convert to a volume. However, with modern day level sensors, either the sensor or the control system does this for you \u2013 unless the tank isn\u2019t linear.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Several level sensors allow you to put the strapping chart directly into the sensor via Modbus programming software.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">It\u2019s also a good idea to use the strapping chart on occasion to check the accuracy of your sensor. This will help you make necessary adjustments, or even find a new sensor if needed.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #993366;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-436 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Tank-Chart.gif\" alt=\"Tank Chart\" width=\"420\" height=\"395\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (10) : \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" cellspacing=\"15\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"366\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0631 .<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"366\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The chart below can be used for horizontal tanks where the slope is zero.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>*<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0643 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Instruments-Simulation-987927711244444\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Inst-Sim-Face-ani-small2.gif\" \/> <\/a>\u0623\u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/inst-simulation-lib-506b21174\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Linked-in-Ani1.gif\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>*****************************<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/handwave-Yellow.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/forum\/plc-and-dcs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 What Is The Difference Between Plc And Dcs \u061f<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/other\/ma-scaling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i class=\"icon-note\"><\/i><strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 mA Scaling<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/flow\/linear-ma-and-square-root-ma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a Square Root \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 Linear ma<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/other\/instrumentation-engineer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 Instrumentation and Control Engineer<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/temperature\/temperature-measurement-intro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 Temperature Measurement<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/quantify-inventories-using-shadows\/\">\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/classification-of-level-sensors\/\">\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 Classification of Level Instruments<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/indirect_level_measurement_1\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 Indirect Liquid Level Measurement<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/glass-level-gauges\/\">\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 Glass Level Gauges<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/remote_sight_glass\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f Remote indication \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a Sight Glass<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/bicolor_level_gauge\/\">\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 Bicolor Level Gauge<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/magnetic-level-gauge\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 Magnetic Level Gauge<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/hydrostatic-level-indicator\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 Hydrostatic Level Indicator<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/tape-level-indicator\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 Tape Level Indicator<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/dip-tape\/\">\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 Dip Tape<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/paddle-level-switch2\/\">\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 Operation of Rotary Paddle Level Switch<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/level_float_magnetic_dial\/\">\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a Magnetic Oil Gauge MOG<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/magnetic-float-switch\/\">\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/multiple-float-level-sensor\/\">\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f Multiple Float Level Sensor<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/magnetic-level-instruments\/\">6 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 Magnetic Level Instruments<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/broken-finger\/\">\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 Horizontal Side Mounted Float Level Switch<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/tilt-level-switches\/\">\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 Tilt Level Switches<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/solids-tilt-switch\/\">\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 Solids Tilt Level Switches<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/diaphragm-type-level-switch\/\">\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a Diaphragm Type Level Switch<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/petrol_station\/\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/tanker-truck-level\/\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 Tanker Truck Level Measurement<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/glow_aramco\/\">\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 New technology for safer measurement of oil shipment purity<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/stream-and-river-gauge\/\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/inductive_level_sensors\/\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 Inductive Level Sensors<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/ultrasonic-level-measurement-1\/\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 Ultrasonic Level Measurement<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/ut-installation\/\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 Typical installation and mounting considerations<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/microwave-barrier\/\">\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0641 Microwave Barrier<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/radar-antenna-types\/\">\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Types of Radar Antenna<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/nuclear-level-measurement\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 Nuclear (gamma) level measurement<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/encoder-level-transmitter\/\">\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0630\u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0648\u062f\u0631 Level Transmitter With Float and Encoder<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/cable-float\/\">\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 Cable Float Level Switch<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/plumb-bob\/\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a Electro-Mechanical Plumb Bob Level Sensor<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/classification-of-tanks\/\">\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a Classification of Storage Tanks<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/bridle\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628 Bridle<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/level\/carryover-blowby\/\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 Liquid Carryover \u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 Gas Blowby \u061f<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/other\/pressure-niels-bohr\/\">\u0638\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u063a\u0628\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>.<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/handwave-Yellow.gif\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 Tanks \u0644\u0625\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 . &nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 Volume \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 Level \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 . \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 Gallon \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631 Liter \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 Cubic Centimeter \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":427,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5],"tags":[466],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/420"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=420"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/420\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5502,"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/420\/revisions\/5502"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/427"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=420"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=420"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.inst-sim.com\/1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=420"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}